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=Introduction = This is your introductory lesson into the topic of volcanoes. You will be learning their structure, composition, and locations through our research. You will be divided into groups of four by your teacher. Each team will become a resident expert on a specialized type of volcano. People and teams of people that study volcanoes for a living are called "Volcanologists". You will all become an expert team of volcanologists after the next three days.

Since you are a team of volcanologists, you will each have a different specialty or function within the team. One of you is the resident expert on the formation of your team's type of volcano. Another of you knows exactly how that type of volcano is formed. Yet another of you knows where these volcanoes are located throughout the world. Lastly, one of you functions as the team leader that will handle questions and the brief presentation of your team's poster to the students of this particular class.

Once your team has been assembled, you each choose a different position listed below. If the team cannot come to a consensus, the teacher will pick the roles for the team.

Volcanologist #1 (Specialty - Structure) Volcanologist #2 (Specialty - Locations) Volcanologist #3 (Specialty - Formation) Volcanologist #4 (Specialty - Drawing of Volcano Type, Questions, and keeping team on task)

Please note- like any good scientist, you will want to read over the entire wiki page before proceeding. It is always smart to have a good idea of your requirements before plunging into a task!

=The Mission= Each team of volcanologists will be required to produce color posters describing their type of volcano. Volcanologist 4 will prepare the poster that shows the important and distinct features of their volcano. Volcanologists #1 through #3 are responsible for helping in this process by making sure their gathered information is accurately reflected. All posters must have the following criteria:
 * A title that clearly indicates the volcano type.
 * The main parts of the volcano labeled clearly.
 * A List of common characteristics between volcanoes of this type.
 * A drawing and detailed description of the rock and other materials that make up the sides of the volcano.
 * If the Earth's mantle or crust are involved in the formation of the volcano, it needs to be included.
 * Materials that are ejected during an eruption of this type of volcano.

Once completed, these posters will be presented to the class by the team. Volcanologist #4 will present the team's detailed poster and answer the questions each group is required to address. Each team will have five minutes to present.

Each team member will be required to add the information pertinent to their type of volcano to their group wiki page. It should have the type of volcano clearly displayed as the title, and each member will be required to add the information they found to the page. Volcanologist #4 will be tasked with finding a suitable image of the team's specialized volcano to the wiki page, providing a proper citation for the image location.

Each Team should be prepared to answer the following questions and each team member must have the answers written on your section of the group wiki page.
 * 1) Are any of your type of volcano active in North and Central America? If so name one and describe where it is. If not, name the nearest one located in research.
 * 2) Where is the most prominent volcano of your type located? Why do you think this is located here?
 * 3) Why do you think your volcano named the way it is?
 * 4) Aside from the obvious danger of burning in lava, name at least 3 other hazards related to volcanic eruptions.

=Resources= The poster board and markers required for the posters will be supplied by your teacher. They will provide instructions for the collection of these materials at the correct moment.

The following Internet sites have been provided to help the teams gather the information they will need to complete their mission. You can either copy and paste the entire link (Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V respectively), or simply click the mouse on the hyperlink to travel to the resources.

(Be sure to right click the link and select to open it in a new tab, or else you may get lost!)

Earth Processes and Volcano Formation
(Most resources originally gathered by David Carmichael) Origin of Volcanology- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/monitoring.html Introduction to Volcanoes!- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/intro.html Plate Tectonics Theory- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/tectonics.html Plate Subduction- http://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes- http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/hotspots.html (utilize the "next button in the bottom right of the page for another helpful resource). The Nature of Volcanoes- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/nature.html Parts of Volcanoes- http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/mountains/volcanoparts.html

Types of Volcanoes
(Note: The full link and the hyperlinked text below it go to the same places) Brief Overview of all types- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html

Cinder Cone 1- http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/CinderCone/description_cinder_cone.html Cinder Cone 1 Cinder Cone 2 (images) - http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/rdi08288/e-port/Cinder%20Cone.htm Cinder Cone 2 Composite/Stratovolcanoes - [] Composite 1 Composite 2 (images) - http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/rdi08288/e-port/Composite.htm Composite 2 Shield 1 - http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/ShieldVolcano/description_shield_volcano.html Shield 1 Shield 2 (images) - http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/rdi08288/e-port/Shield.htm Shield 2

Volcano Locations
Active Volcano List- http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ Active Volcano List Detailed Volcanic Environment- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/environments.html [|Detailed Volcanic Environment] Underwater Volcanoes- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/submarine.html Underwater Volcanoes Volcanoes in Space- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/extraterrestrial.html Volcanoes in Space Volcano Watch!- http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/status.php Volcano Watch!

Photographs of Volcanoes
Types of Volcanic Eruptions- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/eruptions.html Types of Volcanic Eruptions Find a Volcano by Region- http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/find_regions.cfm Find a Volcano by Region

Videos of Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic Eruption (19 sec) - [] Deepest Volcanic Eruption ever filmed (2:23 min)- [] Nat. Geo Volcanic Eruption Playlist (31 sec- 30 sec advertisements between each video) - [] Massaya Volcano Eruption (2008) (1:11) Mt. Saint Helens student video project

=Process= Please follow these steps in order to accomplish the required assignment successfully.

DAY 1-RESEARCH
1. Groups of 3 or 4 students are formed into a team of volcanologists. 2. Each group must designate a role for each student (1-4). You are going to be a team, and good teams work well together. Please report each member's role to the teacher. If the roles are unable to be divided up by the team, the teacher will assign them. 3. As a group, you will go to your team's assigned computer workstation to collect your data over the Internet. __Be sure to take good notes on the provided graphic organizer__. While at the computer doing research, you are to ONLY fill out information for your part of the graphic organizer. Also, keep track of where you found any good information in case you need to come back later to look at it again. 4. Remember, each member of the group needs to find information, so you must cooperate and share the resource. 5. After your team has finished collecting their data, each team member will need to educate their team members on the information they gathered when looking at their specific areas of the research sites. This should be done back at the desks and not at the computer workstations. 6. Once everybody has properly filled out their entire graphic organizer with their information and information gathered by their team members, the team can return to the computer to view the videos of volcanic eruptions provided for the remainder of the first day. PLEASE NOTE: Volcanologist #4 is required to find an image (and the citation of this image) for the team wiki page tomorrow, so they will need time to do this today before any videos can be viewed. Write the web address of this image on the graphic organizer in the margin for safe-keeping.

DAY 2- POSTERS AND PRESENTATIONS
1. The team members will reconvene and being to aid Volcanologist #4 in the creation of the team poster. All information on the graphic organizers will aid in the creation of the poster. Volcanologist #1 will collect a pack of markers and Volcanologist #2 will take a piece of posterboard back to the group area. 2. Once all of the supplies are gathered, the team will begin working on the poster. It may be helpful to lightly draw in pencil first before using the markers to minimize mistakes. Be sure to have all of the required elements listed in the "mission" section above. 3. While Volcanologist #4 is working on the poster, each Volcanologist will take turns at their team computer workstation to add their information to the team wiki page. Volcanologist #1 will go first, followed by #2, etc. Volcanologist #3 will be responsible for adding the image Volcanologist #4 found to the wiki page, as #4 will be busy working on the team poster. Make sure the answers to questions 1 through 4 are clearly answered on the wiki page! 4. The team will have 20 minutes to complete their poster and wiki page. At the end of the 20 minute period, the teams will begin presenting their poster and their research findings. 5. After each presentation, the team will field questions from the class.

DAY 3- VIDEOS AND HYPOTHESES
1. As a team, watch this video: @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ap_YUwdiy8I&feature=related 2. As a team, hypothesize the overall damage and effects of a supervolcanic eruption in Yellowstone. Be sure to come up with the damages that would be felt world-wide as well as locally and nationally. 3. Your team must come up with a way to alleviate the building pressure without triggering this eruption. Make a diagram of your theoretical process. 4. Put this process in the assigned area on the board for your group. You must be prepared to explain and defend this method to the teacher and the other teams. 5. If time permits, the entire class will watch another video (10 minutes): @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Vn6kxfD3Ek&feature=related

6. As a team, you must provide evidence to debunk or support the following hypothesis: It is hypothesized that a supervolcanic eruption killed the Dinosaurs.

You must draw upon all that you have learned to properly address this idea!

=Evaluation (re: your grade)= To complete this assignment, you must work with your teammates well. If you do not cooperate with your group, you will find that the assignment is infinitely more difficult to complete. To make sure that one or more members of a group do not slack off or put their teammates in a harder situation, you will be given an individual grade for this project. Part of this grade will be based on the quality of your individual participation in the project. In the event of a non-cooperating team member, the teacher will handle this on an individual basis. Your entire grade for this project will be assigned by the following criteria:

10 points Group Participation and Team Work (Graded by Peers) 10 points Group Participation and Team Work (Graded by Instructor) 25 points Posters (Required elements, accuracy of information, neat and legible). 25 points Wiki Page (Accuracy of information, contains a picture with a link, neat and orderly). 15 points Questions (Accuracy of information, neat and legible). 15 points Presentation (Participation, organized, loud and clear).

=Final Thoughts= A volcanologist is a scientist that studies volcanoes. By completing this three day project, each and every one of you have acquired an expertise in volcanoes. You now know more than most people know about volcanoes. For fun, go ask your parents some questions about the information you learned and see if they know the answers!

You now have a full understanding of volcanoes. Great work! If you are interested in further research into Volcanoes, click on one of the sites below.

Oregon State Volcano World Volcano World (for kids)

Credit: David Carmichael (Assignment originally found here: http://edweb.sdsu.edu/T2ARP/Webqst.T2arp.12.98/DCarmichaelWebQuest/carmichael.htm

We have made adaptations since some of the links no longer worked, edited some steps for peer review, and changed paper requirement to a wiki assignment, and added a critical thinking lesson for Day 3)